Ianna Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies

Background: Critical thinking is fundamental to teaching history, yet student analysis is often limited by traditional methods that rely primarily on lecture. Using local Indigenous history in context and accessing multimodal digital materials enhances the learning experience and encourages active t…

Background: To enhance pedagogical competence, teacher education programme must develop 21st-century skills, specifically the 4C (critical thinking, creative thinking, collaborative thinking, and communication). Objective: This study aims to optimise the implementation of the 4C skills within micro-…