Intercultural competence (IC)has been shown to be a necessary asset in the increasingly globalized world, with individuals expected to perform appropriately and effectively during intercultural exchanges. However, many students have insufficient intercultural knowledge, attitudes, or skills. Therefore, it is necessary to identify effective means of helping individuals to improve their IC. A review of relevant intervention studies published between 2000 and 2018 was conducted to examine the effectiveness of current interventions. Based on 31 studies, overseas immersion and pedagogical interventions were identified as the two major types of existing interventions. Four sub-types of pedagogical intervention were found: culture-based teaching materials, classroom activities, teaching strategies and integrated intercultural programs. The findings of meta-analyses suggest that overseas immersion exerts a larger effect on IC improvement than do other types of intervention. Grade level was also found to moderate the relationship between interventions and IC development. The results are discussed in intercultural educational contexts. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd
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