Detection of Early School Drop out in Vocational and Technical High Schools in Turkey

Abstract

This study investigates the factors contributing to early school dropout in vocational and technical high schools in Turkey, utilizing machine learning techniques to analyze a dataset of personal, socio-economic, familial, and academic variables. The data was collected via a detailed survey administered to students at one of the largest Vocational and Technical High School in Istanbul, capturing 35 features (factors) relevant to dropout rates. Various classifiers, including Decision Trees and Random Forest, were employed to identify at-risk students with high accuracy. The Decision Tree model, enhanced by the Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE), demonstrated the best results for identifying potential dropouts, indicating its effectiveness in educational settings where early intervention is critical. By feature importance analysis this research reveals that parental education levels, family structure, and financial hardships are significant predictors of dropout likelihood. Despite the study’s limitations, such as a small dataset and some features with zero-filled columns, the results underscore the importance of data-driven approaches in developing targeted interventions to reduce dropout rates. This research not only enhances the understanding of dropout phenomena in Turkish vocational education but also provides practical insights for policymakers and educators to improve student retention through early and informed interventions. The findings highlight the potential of machine learning to enhance educational support systems, ensuring that every student can succeed. © The Author(s) 2025. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access page (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).

Keywords

Author Keywords

Secondary Education architectures for educational technology system data science applications in education teaching/learning strategies

Index Keywords

Author Affiliations

Department of Management Information Systems, Kadir Has Üniversitesi, Istanbul, Turkey

Department of Management Information Systems, Boğaziçi Üniversitesi, Bebek, Istanbul, Turkey

Funding & Acknowledgements

No funding information

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Detection of Early School Drop out in Vocational and Technical High Schools in Turkey

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