Purpose – The purpose of this study is to examine the ongoing underrepresentation of women in new venture creation, particularly in the context of Pakistan. This study investigates how entrepreneurial vocational training (EVT) affects entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE), behavior and career development among home-based working women. Design/methodology/approach – This study uses a longitudinal quasi-experimental design, administering pretest and post-test assessments to participants undergoing EVT. A control group is used for comparison. Data analysis involves assessing ESE and behavior changes over time, using statistical methods appropriate for longitudinal data. Findings – The results of this study demonstrate a significant enhancement in ESE among participants who underwent vocational training, leading to increased involvement in business startup activities compared to the control group. These findings underscore the effectiveness of EVT programs in empowering women entrepreneurs. Practical implications – This study highlights the importance of targeted entrepreneurial training programs in addressing gender disparities in entrepreneurship. Educators and policymakers can use insights from this research to design and implement more effective initiatives to boost women’s self-employment rates. Originality/value – This research contributes to the field by offering a comprehensive longitudinal perspective on the impact of EVT on women’s ESE and career development. Identifying key factors influencing women’s entrepreneurial journey provides valuable insights for designing impactful entrepreneurial programs tailored to the needs of women entrepreneurs in Pakistan and similar contexts. © 2025 Emerald Publishing Limited
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