Self-directed learning and online learning attitudes are important learning behavioral factors for learners in online learning; meanwhile, they affect learning outcomes too. In addition, the criteria of self-directed learning and online learning attitudes have complex, tangled, interconnected relationships. Therefore, this study applied the Fuzzy Delphi method and Fuzzy DEMATEL method to clarify the complex relationship between self-directed learning and online learning attitudes and to provide schools with teaching strategies and curriculum design to motivate learners' learning behavior. The study revealed that, in terms of the dimensions, "self-directed learning" is the defining dimension of learners' learning behavior, which influences the "online learning attitudes" dimension. Furthermore, in the criteria section, "self-learning", "computer and network confidence", "online learning", "computer and smartphone use" and "computer and smartphone preferences" are the decisive criteria that influence the other seven criteria. Among them, online learning, computer and smartphone use, and computer and smartphone preferences are the three key criteria for learning, and therefore, enhancing learners' attitudes towards online learning is an important task. © © 2023 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. Under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
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