This chapter reflects on major policy concerns for Higher Vocational Qualifications (HVQs) in Scotland and England in recent decades. In particular, we focus on the options available in each nation at level 5 on the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED), which are examples of short-cycle tertiary educationTertiary education. We will also touch upon new apprenticeshipApprenticeships routes in England that take vocational educationVocational education and training up to the bachelor’s degreeDegrees, level 6 on the ISCED. We trace the policy imperatives that led to the reform of the established vocational qualifications in Scotland and to an ever-changing landscape in England where new qualifications have tended to eclipse if not replace the old. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023.
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