This paper investigates the labor market returns to adult digital learning. We find that digital learning generates a 6.9% increase in labor income, with sustained positive dynamic effects. Building on a theoretical model that incorporates online training, we empirically demonstrate that digital learning both accumulates human capital and reduces learning costs through flexible, fragmented learning. Unlike traditional offline education, digital learning can overcome implicit gender and age barriers, particularly boosting earnings in nonphysical occupations. Our findings offer important policy insights for on-the-job training and human capital development in developing countries and aging societies. © 2025 International Association for Research in Income and Wealth.
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