The impact of CDIO implementation on retrofitting CNC based universal turn drill in vocational education

Abstract

The CDIO approach had been implemented in the CNC lathe retrofit manufacturing process to support learning in vocational schools, such as SMK and polytechnics. This research aims to evaluate the improvement of technology-based student competencies that are relevant to the needs of industry 4.0. The stages in this method are divided into three, namely the initial identification of the problem or project, designing the model and electrical sub-components and analyzing the improvement of process evaluation results. The implementation actively involves the collaboration of 4–6 students from various cross majors by appointing one student as a leader who is supervised by a lecturer as a project manager and an instructor as a project facilitator. Validation of the project takes place upon completion of the project activities, with student groups submitting a report detailing the project implementation design, logbook, and final deliverables. This documentation is comprehensively reviewed by the project manager, faculty team, and an interdisciplinary expert committee to assess the validation results of the activity, which will be integrated into the relevant course assessment. This evaluation and validation review relates to a 13-point institutionally developed instrument that is linear to the discipline-specific graduate outcomes. The results of the analysis show that the majority of respondents from students and lecturers agree that the CDIO approach strengthens the understanding of technical concepts and practical skills through structured learning stages, from designing to operating prototype products. In addition, it can also integrate through aspects of collaboration, problem solving, and innovation that support the needs of modern industry. • The implementation of CDIO (Conceive, Design, Implement, Operate) is essential in vocational faculty, vocational high schools (SMK), and polytechnics, particularly for CNC-based universal turn drill retrofit manufacturing projects, as this methodology promotes practice-oriented learning, industry relevance, and aligns with a 12-standard framework • Through a Likert scale-based data collection method, this study measured the level of understanding, technical skills, and user satisfaction with the concept of CNC retrofitting. • The success of this method is measured through several parameters, including increased student competence, active involvement in the project, and the final product produced with an average approval percentage score above 70 %. © 2025 The Author(s)

Keywords

Author Keywords

CNC Vocational CDIO Retrofit

Index Keywords

human Article Vocational education student university leadership competency-based education computer numerical control conceive design implement operate documentation manager standard

Author Affiliations

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Batam, Batam, Riau, Indonesia

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia

Funding & Acknowledgements

Education Fund

Funding text 1: The authors would like to thank the Directorate of Vocational Education for providing scholarships from the Higher Education Financing Center (BPPT) and the Education Fund Management Institution (LPDP). Finally, the special thanks to the mechanical engineering departments of Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology and also politeknik negeri batam (polibatam) .; Funding text 2: The authors would like to thank the Directorate of Vocational Education for providing scholarships from the Higher Education Financing Center (BPPT) and the Education Fund Management Institution (LPDP). Finally, the special thanks to the mechanical engineering departments of Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology and also politeknik negeri batam (polibatam). The entire use of the implementation, assessment and evaluation instruments of the CDIO method had been adjusted to the quality assurance unit of Politeknik Negeri Batam (Polibatam) Indonesia.

Lembaga Pengelola Dana Pendidikan, LPDP

Funding text 1: The authors would like to thank the Directorate of Vocational Education for providing scholarships from the Higher Education Financing Center (BPPT) and the Education Fund Management Institution (LPDP). Finally, the special thanks to the mechanical engineering departments of Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology and also politeknik negeri batam (polibatam) .; Funding text 2: The authors would like to thank the Directorate of Vocational Education for providing scholarships from the Higher Education Financing Center (BPPT) and the Education Fund Management Institution (LPDP). Finally, the special thanks to the mechanical engineering departments of Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology and also politeknik negeri batam (polibatam). The entire use of the implementation, assessment and evaluation instruments of the CDIO method had been adjusted to the quality assurance unit of Politeknik Negeri Batam (Polibatam) Indonesia.

Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, ITS

Funding text 1: The authors would like to thank the Directorate of Vocational Education for providing scholarships from the Higher Education Financing Center (BPPT) and the Education Fund Management Institution (LPDP). Finally, the special thanks to the mechanical engineering departments of Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology and also politeknik negeri batam (polibatam) .; Funding text 2: The authors would like to thank the Directorate of Vocational Education for providing scholarships from the Higher Education Financing Center (BPPT) and the Education Fund Management Institution (LPDP). Finally, the special thanks to the mechanical engineering departments of Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology and also politeknik negeri batam (polibatam). The entire use of the implementation, assessment and evaluation instruments of the CDIO method had been adjusted to the quality assurance unit of Politeknik Negeri Batam (Polibatam) Indonesia.

Politeknik Negeri Batam

Funding text 1: The authors would like to thank the Directorate of Vocational Education for providing scholarships from the Higher Education Financing Center (BPPT) and the Education Fund Management Institution (LPDP). Finally, the special thanks to the mechanical engineering departments of Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology and also politeknik negeri batam (polibatam) .; Funding text 2: The authors would like to thank the Directorate of Vocational Education for providing scholarships from the Higher Education Financing Center (BPPT) and the Education Fund Management Institution (LPDP). Finally, the special thanks to the mechanical engineering departments of Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology and also politeknik negeri batam (polibatam). The entire use of the implementation, assessment and evaluation instruments of the CDIO method had been adjusted to the quality assurance unit of Politeknik Negeri Batam (Polibatam) Indonesia.

References 10 References

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The impact of CDIO implementation on retrofitting CNC based universal turn drill in vocational education

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