University rankings play a crucial role in the higher education landscape, shaping perceptions of academic quality, research productivity, and institutional reputation. This paper provides a comprehensive technical analysis of university ranking methodologies, examining the metrics, methods, and implications of various ranking systems. We explore the diverse approaches used by ranking organisations, the strengths and limitations of different methodologies, and the impact of rankings on higher education institutions and stakeholders. By critically evaluating ranking methodologies and discussing emerging trends and challenges, this paper aims to provide insights into the complex landscape of university rankings and inform discussions on their relevance and utility in the global higher education community. © (2024), (Akademi Sains Malaysia). All Rights Reserved.
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