Article Gold Open Access 2025

Why do they leave? Examining dropout behaviour in gender-atypical vocational education and training in Germany

Journal of Vocational Education and Training
Journal · Vol. 77 · Issue 2 · pp. 297-321
Abstract

Germany’s VET system is highly gender-segregated and marked by high dropout rates. This article investigates the dropout behaviour of apprentices in gender-atypical training occupations. First, we investigate whether gender-atypical apprentices drop out at a higher rate than their majority peers. Second, we examine differences in the self-reported reasons for dropping out among gender-typical and gender-atypical apprentices. Results show that gender-atypical apprentices, and particularly males in female-dominated occupations, are more likely to prematurely leave their apprenticeship. The self-reported reasons for dropping out differed by gender minority status: female minorities were more likely to drop out due to a lack of social integration, while male minorities were more likely to drop out due to unfulfilled aspirations in comparison to the gender majority. These results show that gender-specific perceptions and experiences are related to the higher dropout rates of gender-atypical apprentices. © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

Keywords

Author Keywords

Dropout vocational education and training Gender segregation career aspiration gender-atypical occupations

Index Keywords

Author Affiliations
Department 1 (VET research and monitoring), Federal Institute for Vocational Education and Training, Bonn, Germany, Institute of Sociology and Social Psychology, Universität zu Köln, Koln, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
Funding & Acknowledgements
No funding information
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