The path to teaching Excellence: Examining self-efficacy of pre-service teachers during school internship programs in Indonesia

Abstract

This study investigates the self-efficacy of pre-service teachers (PSTs) during their school internship programs in Indonesia, with a focus on exploring and validating the Pre-service Teachers Self-Efficacy during School Internship (PreTESESI) questionnaire. The primary aim of the study is to assess the psychometric properties of this new instrument and to explore how various dimensions of self-efficacy are reflected in PSTs' experiences during internships. Using Rasch analysis, this study evaluates the reliability and validity of the PreTESESI instrument, examining its ability to measure self-efficacy across multiple domains. A total of 478 PSTs from three provinces in Indonesia participated in the study. The findings confirm strong internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) and acceptable item and person reliability with acceptable validity based on Rasch measurement. Findings also reveal that the Instructional Self-Efficacy (ISE) domain showed the highest self-efficacy scores, while the Efficacy in Creating a Positive School Atmosphere (ECPSA) domain recorded the lowest. Additionally, Differential Item Functioning (DIF) analysis revealed negligible gender bias for most items, with one item (ECPSA5) demonstrating moderate to large DIF. The study highlights the critical role of structured internships, mentorship, and reflective practices in enhancing PSTs' self-efficacy. This research not only provides relevant tool for assessing PSTs' self-efficacy during school internships but also provides valuable insights into their confidence and capabilities in the Indonesian context. © 2025 The Authors

Keywords

Author Keywords

Higher education self-efficacy Pre-service teachers Rasch analysis School internship program

Index Keywords

Author Affiliations

Research Center for Education, Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional, Central Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia, Research Center of Educational Technologies, Azerbaijan State University of Economics (UNEC), Baku, Azerbaijan, Department of STEM Education, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Upper Austria, Austria

Research Center for Education, Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional, Central Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia

Indonesian Language and Literature Education, Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto, Purwokerto, Indonesia

Department of Elementary School Teacher Education, Universitas Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa, Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Funding & Acknowledgements

Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional, BRIN

Grant: 7/III.7/HK/2024, MPC-2024-01564

Funding text 1: This study was funded Research Organization for Social Sciences and Humanities (IPSH) at the National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) for funding this research project under the Rumah Program Grant, No. 7/III.7/HK/2024 .; Funding text 2: We would like to express our sincere appreciation and gratitude to the Research Organization for Social Sciences and Humanities (IPSH) at the National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) from Indonesia for funding this research project under the Rumah Program Grant, No. 7/III.7/HK/2024 . We also extend our thanks to the discussion forum at the Research Center for Education at BRIN for facilitating our research and helping to improve the quality of this manuscript. Additionally, we would like to thank the editor and reviewers for dedicating their time and efforts to reviewing our manuscript and enhancing its quality. SS, the corresponding author, has been awarded the Ernst Mach Grant from OeAD-GmbH Austria's Agency for Educaton and Internatonalisaton withreference number: MPC-2024-01564 .

Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional, BRIN

Funding text 1: This study was funded Research Organization for Social Sciences and Humanities (IPSH) at the National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) for funding this research project under the Rumah Program Grant, No. 7/III.7/HK/2024 .; Funding text 2: We would like to express our sincere appreciation and gratitude to the Research Organization for Social Sciences and Humanities (IPSH) at the National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) from Indonesia for funding this research project under the Rumah Program Grant, No. 7/III.7/HK/2024 . We also extend our thanks to the discussion forum at the Research Center for Education at BRIN for facilitating our research and helping to improve the quality of this manuscript. Additionally, we would like to thank the editor and reviewers for dedicating their time and efforts to reviewing our manuscript and enhancing its quality. SS, the corresponding author, has been awarded the Ernst Mach Grant from OeAD-GmbH Austria's Agency for Educaton and Internatonalisaton withreference number: MPC-2024-01564 .

References 10 References

1 Perceived Health and Adaptation in Chronic Disease, (2018)

2 Aryadoust, Vahid, Quantitative Data Analysis for Language Assessment Volume I: Fundamental Techniques, Quantitative Data Analysis for Language Assessment Volume I: Fundamental Techniques, pp. 1-272, (2019)

3 Gómez, Juan Tomás Asenjo, The impact of service learning in the development of student teachers’ socio-educational commitment, Sustainability (Switzerland), 13, 20, (2021)

4 Aslan, Berna, A comparative study on the teaching profession in Turkey and South Korea: Secondary analysis of TALIS 2008 data in relation to teacher self-efficacy, Egitim Arastirmalari - Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 15, 61, pp. 1-22, (2015)

5 Englisia Journal of Language Education and Humanities, (2023)

6 International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, (2020)

7 Bandura, Albert, Reflections on self-efficacy, Advances in Behaviour Research and Therapy, 1, 4, pp. 237-269, (1978)

8 Bandura, Albert, Social cognitive theory: An agentic perspective, Annual Review of Psychology, 52, pp. 1-26, (2001)

9 Self Efficacy Beliefs of Adolescents, (2006)

10 Bond, Trevor G., Applying the rasch model: Fundamental measurement in the human sciences: Second edition, Applying the Rasch Model: Fundamental Measurement in the Human Sciences: Second Edition, pp. 1-340, (2007)

The path to teaching Excellence: Examining self-efficacy of pre-service teachers during school internship programs in Indonesia

How to Cite