The Development of the Entrepreneurship Ecosystem and Digital Technology in Vocational Education

Abstract

This study examines the development of the entrepreneurship ecosystem and the integration of digital technology in vocational education, with a specific focus on public vocational schools in West Java Province, Indonesia. The analysis is based on two main frameworks: the entrepreneurship ecosystem, comprising actor-related and factor-related elements, and the digital technology ecosystem, which encompasses aspects of hardware, software, and brainwaves. The research employs a cross-sectional survey method within a quantitative descriptive evaluation design. The sample comprises vocational school teachers and students selected using Slovin’s formula to ensure proportional representation. Data were collected using a validated and reliable structured questionnaire. The results were analyzed using frequency distribution and the Respondent Achievement Level (RAL) approach. The findings reveal significant variability across schools and indicators. Several digital technology indicators, such as the availability of free internet and the completeness of extracurricular entrepreneurship facilities, scored below 50%, indicating major areas for improvement. In contrast, indicators reflecting an entrepreneurial mindset and behavior, such as resilience, talent, and leadership, scored above 80%, demonstrating strong internal readiness for entrepreneurship development. The study highlights the need for targeted interventions in underperforming schools and continuous enhancement in schools already excelling. Inter-school collaboration is recommended, where high-performing schools can serve as best practice models to uplift others. These findings contribute valuable insights for vocational education stakeholders and policymakers, particularly in formulating strategies to enhance entrepreneurship education and foster digital-technology-based entrepreneurial competencies among students. Ultimately, the research supports the development of more adaptive and innovative vocational education ecosystems. © 2025, Penerbit UTHM. All rights reserved.

Keywords

Author Keywords

Vocational High School TVET digital technology ecosystem Entrepreneurship ecosystem

Index Keywords

Author Affiliations

Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia

Funding & Acknowledgements

Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi, MECRT

The authors would like to express their sincere gratitude to all parties who contributed to the successful completion of this research. We extend our appreciation to Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia for providing institutional support and facilitating this study. Special thanks are due to the 261 participants 43 teachers and 218 students from vocational high schools across West Java Province, including those in Bandung City, Bandung Regency, West Bandung Regency, Tasikmalaya City, Ciamis Regency, and Sukabumi Regency for their valuable time and insights in completing the questionnaires and participating in this research. We acknowledge the collaboration and support from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, particularly the Directorate of Vocational High School Development, for their commitment to the \"Entrepreneurial School (SPW)\" program. We also recognize the role of the Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organization (SEAMEO) in fostering entrepreneurship education initiatives across the region. Our gratitude extends to the school principals, educators, and administrative staff at participating vocational high schools who facilitated data collection and provided access to their institutions. We also thank the digital technology experts, business communities, and stakeholders who contributed their perspectives to enrich this study. Finally, we thank the reviewers and editors of the Journal of Technical Education and Training for their constructive feedback and guidance, which significantly improved the quality of this manuscript..

References 10 References

1 Acuña, Tina Botwright, Design and delivery of a masterclass in horticultural business, International Journal of Innovation in Science and Mathematics Education, 27, 4, pp. 88-96, (2019)

2 Ahi, Alan A., Advanced technologies and international business: A multidisciplinary analysis of the literature, International Business Review, 31, 4, (2022)

3 Alsos, Gry Agnete, Graduates of venture creation programs – where do they apply their entrepreneurial competencies?, Small Business Economics, 60, 1, pp. 133-155, (2023)

4 Aly, Maha, Emotional skills for entrepreneurial success: the promise of entrepreneurship education and policy, Journal of Technology Transfer, 46, 5, pp. 1611-1629, (2021)

5 Entrepreneurship Education, (2021)

6 Amuda, Yusuff Jelili, Enhancing national progress and sustainable economic development among Al-Majiri children in Northern Nigeria, Heliyon, 7, 9, (2021)

7 Technology in Education A Tool on Whose Terms, (2023)

8 Entrepreneurship in APEC Economies Challenges and Policy Priorities Smewg 57 008, (2024)

9 Bai, Haoran, Role of Digital Technology in Transforming Organizational Competencies Influencing Green Economy: Moderating Role of Product Knowledge Hiding, Frontiers in Psychology, 12, (2021)

10 undefined, (2025)

The Development of the Entrepreneurship Ecosystem and Digital Technology in Vocational Education

How to Cite