Review 2025

Essential Soft Skills for Engineering in Industry 4.0: A Systematic Literature Review

International Journal of Engineering Education
Journal · Vol. 41 · Issue 5 · pp. 1376-1385
Abstract

Job competition in the era of Industry 4.0 is becoming increasingly intense, driven by the replacement of certain roles with artificial intelligence, automation, and robotics. To remain competitive in this evolving job market, individuals must possess distinguishing qualities, particularly strong soft skills. This systematic literature review analyzes 27 Scopus-indexed articles published between 2019 and 2024 to identify the essential soft skills needed in engineering. The review highlights six emerging soft skills that are critical for success in the engineering field: communication, teamwork, problem-solving, leadership, critical thinking and decision-making, and creativity. The discussion explores the importance of these skills in enhancing employee performance, particularly in mechanical engineering. The findings underscore the need for educational institutions, especially those focused on vocational training, to equip future graduates with soft skills that are aligned with the demands of Industry 4.0. # 2025 TEMPUS Publications.

Keywords

Author Keywords

Vocational education Engineering education engineer soft skills soft skills 4.0 soft skills for work

Index Keywords

Employment Engineering education Systematic literature review Personnel training Decision making Apprentices Vocational education Reviews Job market Soft skills Engineering fields Engineer soft skill Soft skill 4.0 Soft skill for work
Author Affiliations
Department of Technology and Vocational Education, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Department of Technology and Vocational Education, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Linz School of Education, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Upper Austria, Austria, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia
Funding & Acknowledgements
No funding information
References 10 References
1 Chaka, Chaka, Skills, competencies and literacies attributed to 4IR/Industry 4.0: Scoping review, IFLA Journal, 46, 4, pp. 369-399, (2020)
2 Cotet, Gabriela Beatrice, Assessment procedure for the soft skills requested by Industry 4.0, MATEC Web of Conferences, 121, (2017)
3 Zhou, Keliang, Industry 4.0: Towards future industrial opportunities and challenges, 2015 12th International Conference on Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery, FSKD 2015, pp. 2147-2152, (2016)
4 Industry and Higher Education, (2021)
5 Design and Technology Education an International Journal, (2017)
6 Ritter, Barbara Anne, Designing Management Curriculum for Workplace Readiness: Developing Students’ Soft Skills, Journal of Management Education, 42, 1, pp. 80-103, (2018)
7 Lemstra, Mary Anny Moraes Silva, Industry 4.0 and Industrial Engineering Education: Perspectives from Researchers, International Journal of Engineering Education, 41, 3, pp. 797-807, (2025)
8 Laker, Dennis R., The differences between hard and soft skills and their relative impact on training transfer, Human Resource Development Quarterly, 22, 1, pp. 111-122, (2011)
9 Weber, Melvin R., An Exploratory Analysis of Soft Skill Competencies Needed for the Hospitality Industry, Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality and Tourism, 12, 4, pp. 313-332, (2013)
10 Tacit Dimension, (1966)
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Document Identifiers
  • EID 2-s2.0-105016784210
  • Language English