This chapter provides a critical analysis of renewable energy as a key element in shifting toward a green economy, focusing on the essential goals of mitigating climate change and promoting sustainable development. It delves into the environmental, economic, and technological aspects of renewable energy, demonstrating its effectiveness in reducing greenhouse gas emissions, addressing resource depletion, and minimizing pollution. The discussion includes advancements in solar, wind, and hydropower, and emerging systems like hydrogen and ocean energy, showcasing their integration into contemporary energy grids through innovative storage technologies. A global perspective is presented with regional case studies from North America, Europe, and Asia, highlighting diverse strategies and obstacles in the adoption of renewable technologies. The analysis also emphasizes the critical importance of policy frameworks, international collaboration, and financial structures in promoting renewable energy uptake. Additionally, it outlines the socioeconomic benefits, including job creation, energy equity, and improvements in public health, while recognizing ongoing challenges in achieving energy security and affordability. By offering a holistic view of the current status and future potential of renewable energy, this chapter delivers valuable insights for policymakers, researchers, and stakeholders committed to fostering a sustainable, low-carbon global economy. © 2025 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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