This article reviews lifelong learning policy models proposed by Green (2000), including market-led, state-led, and social-partnership-led approaches. Different policy initiatives and/or systems can be deemed to belong to one of three different models, although they may not correspond precisely. This article depicts seven well-known policy examples according to the three models. The findings of this article reveal that (1) an economically oriented mindset has penetrated lifelong learning policies; (2) cooperation between many stakeholders seems to be an inevitable feature regardless of models above; and (3) government, in even in the social-partner-led model, is found to play a vital role and its intervention is unavoidable in all of three lifelong learning policy models. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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