The selection of a suitable career is increasingly crucial, especially with the rapid advancements in science and technology, which significantly shape the job market worldwide, including in Indonesia. However, many vocational education (VE) graduates face significant challenges in making informed career choices. Despite growing interest in Digital Competence (DC) and Psychological Well-Being (PWB) as key factors influencing Self-Efficacy (SE) and Career Choice (CC), gaps remain in understanding their interconnected effects. This study aims to examine the roles of DC, PWB, and SE in determining CC among VE students and to explore the mediating effect of SE. Employing an ex-post facto research design, data were collected from 647 VE students selected through cluster random sampling using a structured questionnaire. SEM-PLS was applied for data analysis, incorporating path analysis and bootstrapping methods. The findings reveal that SE significantly influences CC, with DC and PWB playing critical roles in enhancing SE. Furthermore, SE mediates the effects of DC and PWB on CC, although its mediating effect is relatively low, indicating the need for intensive programs to strengthen SE. Overall, SE is a key factor in improving career opportunities, aligning with industry-relevant digital competencies and students' psychological well-being. This study contributes to the theoretical understanding of career development in the VE context and offers practical insights into enhancing students' competence. Future research should expand on these findings by exploring additional factors and employing longitudinal designs to further support VE students' career development. © 2025 The Authors
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